Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Women’s Rights After 1945

Explain how and why women’s rights have changed since 1945 Women’s rights today can be agreed to be as equal as men, but it wasn’t like this since 1945. Many rights changed in terms of work with the equal pay issue and legislation. This was because of several reasons including women not wanting to return to their traditional roles and the beginning of the Women’s Liberation Movement. One of the most major changes to women’s rights was wage discrimination in favour of men.This denied women the opportunity to be financially independent of men and failed to consider female breadwinners. In 1949-50 two women organisations put cases to the Basic Wage Inquiry in support of equal pay which resulted in an increase in female wages to 75% of the male rate. The Industrial Arbitration Amendment Act 1959 (NSW) granted equal pay to women doing similar or the same work as men, but not to women whose work was ‘essentially or usually performed by women. â€⠄¢ Finally in 1974, the commission awarded a minimum adult wage so that the minimum wage for both sexes was equal.After WWII, not all women were ready to leave the workforce and go back to being housewives. They didn’t want to revert back to old roles and responsibilities after taking over during the war while the men were away. This was simply not just because of the money but the independence and self-determination they experienced when working. Women wanted to become more involved in the public sphere of life beyond the home. By the late 1980s, many households needed two incomes to meet the demands of our consumer society which created more support for women’s paid work.After 1945 many feminist began to promote their beliefs that changed laws and legislations that prevented them from their rights. A legislation that greatly affected the lives of women was the Anti-Discrimination Act 1977 (NSW). The Anti-Discrimination Act made it illegal to discriminate on sex and m arital status, for example. The Act also created the Anti-Discrimination Board to investigate and resolve complaints. In 1979, the government approved the international Convention in the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW).Also, during 1979-80, the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU) succeeded in gaining 12 months unpaid maternity leave for women employed. The Women’s Liberation Movement aimed to overturn concepts of female inferiority and male dominance and to make society see women as independent beings. Women promoted their liberation through protests, conferences, consciousness raising, political pressure or lobbying and books. The Women’s Electoral Lobby was one of the most effective groups in the promotion of women’s rights through lobbying governments and political parties to adopt policies.Australia was slowly beginning to introduce changes that supported women’s rights and freedoms through improved educational o pportunities, establishments of childcare facilities, rape crisis centres and more. Throughout the past, women have always struggled to gain recognition for their rights. After 1945 women began to question their traditional roles and their relationships with men. As a result many rights as well as stereotypes changed as women finally stood up for their beliefs.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Food Intake-3 Day Essay

There are 3,500 calories in 1 pound (0.45kg) of fat and I would need to burn 500/1000 calories more than I consume in each day in order for me to lose 1/21lb. of fat per week. I have discovered that in order for me to lose fat, I created a calorie deficit, however I had to avoid my body going into starvation response. In order for me to lose my body fat, I had to outmaneuver my body natural fat storage system. In order for me to be successful with my dietary strategies I used the following: Reduce my calories by only a small amount Eat small and frequent meals every three hours Apply Calorie Tapering Follow a â€Å"cyclical† or â€Å"zigzag† calorie rotation First I had to determine my daily requirements by using a calorie calculator. I was able use the weight loss calculator to determine the time and calorie deficit required to reach my target weight. For my optimal weight loss I reduced my calories to 15-20% below maintenance. When I did not make progress I increased this later, the larger my deficit produced, the quicker my body caught on. I learn that my first step should be to increase my activity levels. By me creating a larger calorie deficit, I had to exercise, cardio to burn calories, resistance training to maintain muscle mass. Secondly I used the â€Å"cyclical† and â€Å"zigzag† calorie rotation system by simply reducing my calorie intake over 3 days followed by one day where I eat little more. I realized this system of calorie rotation was enormously  successfully at maintaining my muscle, while losing body fat. It avoids the problem of my body adapting to me lowering my calorie intake and slowed down my metabolism to the point where I did not see any results. To me I did well with carbohydrates meeting my DRI, but with my protein I was at seventeen percent, and then my fat total was somewhere around thirty percent. I was so surprised at the numbers they were not even close to my expectations it was a big letdown. I learned that during these three days I didn’t meet my required DRI because I don’t eat right. I tried to eat a balanced meal every day, but it was very hard because I can go without eating at times so my food intake was not good I eat a lot of fast food or no food. I am not anywhere near healthy. I know that I need to increase my protein intake to help me reach my goals. I want to lose a little weight so I need to exercise so my fat can start going away. I think healthy eating is important to my body. Healthy eating will provide my body with the nutrients and energy to help my body function properly. Nutrients provide my body energy that I need to keep my brain cells active, the heart pumping, and the muscle flexible, and also to keep up with my 5-year old. To increase my fiber intake I will try to eat more whole grain items. I will take out fruits juices I’ve learned that they do not contain much fiber if any at all. I will also eat more beans. If you have insufficient intake of nutrients it can limit your body’s immunity. It will also limit your body from rebuilding its self from the daily activities and will not allow your muscles to rebuild themselves. Some people don’t know that this can cause people to have irregular bowel movements, get infections, and decrease your ability to remember things, so you really need to get the proper nutrients, and vitamins that you need because we only have one body. I have learned that I have not so good eating habits for one when it comes to eating healthy that is not me I do not always eat breakfast and that is the best way to start your day. Although my eating habits are not so great I learned that it is not too late to change them. All I need to do is take one day at a time and start by having breakfast every day.

Miranda V Arizona Essay

In the history of the United States, the legislative branch of government has developed systems of laws which the judicial branch of government checks. Because of modernization, the constitutionality of these laws needs to be reevaluated from time to time. There have been many cases that have caused the government to amend certain laws to protect its citizens. One of the most important cases that was brought to the Supreme Court was the case of Ernesto Miranda V the state of Arizona. This case caused the government to add more to the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth amendments to the constitution (The Supreme Law of the Land). Miranda V Arizona was a landmark case in the United States Supreme Court because it established the constitutional liberties for individuals suspected of committing crimes. In Phoenix, Arizona, during 1963, Ernesto Miranda was arrested and charged with the rape, kidnapping, and robbery of an eighteen year-old, semi retarded woman (Mount). After his arrest, Ernesto Miranda was interrogated for a session lasting about two hours, where at the end, he confessed to these charges (McBride). The police, who had not reminded Miranda of his rights before his interrogation, recorded the whole session and used his confession as the sole evidence to convict him (McBride). At the end of his trial, he was convicted of rape and kidnapping of the eighteen year-old and was sentenced to twenty to thirty years in jail (McBride). Miranda and his attorney appealed the case and had it brought to the Arizona Supreme Court with the excuse that the police obtained the confession illegally (McBride). The Arizona Supreme Court agreed with the lower court. Miranda then appealed the case to the United States Supreme Court which heard the case in 1966 (Mount). After hearing Miranda’s case the Supreme Court took a vote. The decision was five to four in favor of Miranda (McBride). The reasoning behind the Supreme Court’s decision was that the police had not properly informed Miranda of his rights before the interrogation (Miranda). â€Å"The current practice of incommunicado interrogation is at odds with one of our Nation’s most cherished principles—that the individual may not be compelled to incriminate himself. Unless adequate protective devices are employed to dispel the compulsion inherent in custodial surroundings, no statement obtained from the defendant can truly be the product of his free choice. † This quote by Chief Justice Earl Warren demonstrates that the practice of interrogation without advising people of their protection under the Bill of Rights (the first ten amendments of the United States Constitution) is unconstitutional and allows people to incriminate themselves. The requirement by the court that law enforcement officers convey these warnings to criminal suspects is taken from the Fourth, Fifth, and sixth amendment. The fourth amendment, protection against illegal search and seizure, states that police are required to have a search warrant in order to search one’s home or personal items. They also must have probable cause to obtain the warrant (Mount). The Fifth Amendment to the constitution, protection from self-incrimination, means that no one is forced to be a witness against themselves in a court of law (Mount). The Sixth amendment, the right to the assistance of an attorney, states that if the suspect charged with a crime wants a lawyer to represent him, he may call his own, or if he cannot afford one, he will be appointed one by the courts (Miranda, 1). Another reason the Supreme Court decided that not reading suspected criminals their rights is unconstitutional is because most of the time the police took advantage of people not knowing their rights (Mount). An example of this is the case Miranda vs. Arizona. The most important reason behind the courts decision in the favor of Miranda was to protect its citizens from the government (McBride). The impact of the Supreme Court’s decision was to increase the rights of citizens suspected of crime using the â€Å"Miranda Rights†. You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You also have the right to the presence of an attorney; If you cannot afford an attorney one will be appointed for you prior to questioning if you so desire(Miranda). These rights (Miranda rights) must be stated to a suspect prior to interrogation by a law enforcement officer (Larson). If hese rules are not followed and the officer does not read the suspect his rights before interrogation the Exclusionary act goes into effect. The Exclusionary act states that any illegally obtained evidence must not be allowed in a court of law (Miranda). Although this Supreme Court decision supported the rights of criminal defendants, there are a few exceptions to these rules. The Supreme Court ruled that â€Å"Miranda rights are not necessary prior to questioning that is reasonably prompted by a concern for the public safety. † This is called the Public Safety Exception to the Miranda Rights (Miranda). An excellent example of this would be the Supreme Court case of New York Vs. Quarles in the year 1983. In this case, a police officer received a description of Quarles and upon finding him, the officer searched him, and found that he had an empty gun holster. The officer then questioned him about the whereabouts of his gun. When Quarles responded, the officer arrested him, then read him his Miranda Rights. During his trial, the judge ruled that his statements made before his rights were read to him were allowable in court because it was an issue having to do with public safety. The court ruled in favor of New York five to four (New York). The Supreme Court also states in its rulings that the suspect must be in police custody or under police interrogation for him to have his Miranda Rights read to him(Miranda). Another case affected by the Miranda case was Illinois V. Perkins. In this case, Perkins, while incarcerated in an Illinois prison, confessed to two undercover agents that he had committed a murder. Perkins was then tried and convicted of this murder. Perkins argued that this violated his Miranda Rights and because of this he should be acquitted from the charges brought upon him. The court decided that it was perfectly acceptable because the questioning of Perkins was not done in a â€Å"police dominated atmosphere where compulsion to confess is present† (Illinois). The Supreme Court case of Miranda verses Arizona was a landmark case because it gave more rights to suspected criminals. The ruling in favor of Miranda gave criminal defendants more rights and expanded civil liberties for everyone. This case also gave the Bill of Rights more influence and power. Overall, the case of Miranda V. Arizona was very important to the history of the United States and set precedents for future cases in the judicial system.

Monday, July 29, 2019

Marketing plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Marketing plan - Assignment Example his has been significant in enabling the business to produce high quality products at low costs, an aspect that made it possible for the business to retain its competitive advantage in the market. The goals and objectives are in line with the firm’s mission that is to bring the best computing knowledge to students, professionals, and consumers across the world, through being innovative in a way that builds its hardware, software, and internet ads. With the increasing level of competition in the market, the company goals acts as a guide in ensuring that it satisfies the tastes and preferences of the target market. This is through ensuring that it incorporates the interests of the target market in the production process. Apple Inc is active in developing new products. This is to satisfy the varying interests of the customers. Different product lines have been developed with the aim of reducing the risks and uncertainties associated with concentrating on a single product. The company has also differentiated its products. Through innovation and branding, the company’s products are unique compared to those of the competitors. This aspect has been significant in ensuring that customers remain loyal to the products despite the market being flooded with different substitutes. It has also developed a strong brand name. This is through intensive advertising in the traditional and modern media. The company has been able to create awareness on the existence of its products and services in the market. This has been achieved through personal selling, sales promotion, public relations, direct marketing, and advertising (Hassan 12). Furthermore, the company has intensified its use of social media in order to understand different aspects that affect the consumer behaviors of the target market. This has played a significant role in enabling the firm to reach a large market at very low costs. The company uses skimming and premium pricing strategies in order to penetrate new

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Summarizing of History and acheveiment of Sweatshop Watch Essay

Summarizing of History and acheveiment of Sweatshop Watch - Essay Example The discovery of the infamous El Monte sweatshops in 1995 where 72 Thai immigrant workers were forced to sew clothes behind razor wires and armed guards gave birth to Sweatshop Watch. Together with community organizations, Sweatshop Watch worked to release the workers from INS detention and get them housing, food and medical care and for the recovery of unpaid wages, overtime compensation and damages for civil rights violations. The group's Retailer Accountability Campaign pressured retailers who sold clothes sewn by the El Monte workers through public demonstrations and letter-writing campaigns that were critical in winning $4 million from retailers and manufacturers for back wages and redress. Today, many of the El Monte workers continue to work in the garment industry, although they are now aware of their rights and are actively educating other workers as well as policy makers and the public. Over the following years, from 1996 to 2000, Sweatshop Watch held many campaigns, in alliance with other groups, in the state of California, nationwide as well overseas to further the protection of workers' rights' through legislation, media work and public education. codes of conduct and monitoring. ... purchase of goods made under sweatshop conditions. Began to expand its work nationally and internationally by engaging in debate on codes of conduct and monitoring. It issued a issued a critique of the White House Apparel Industry Partnership (now the Fair Labor Association) and partnered with Working Assets to generate 32,000 letters and calls to the Partnership's Co-Chair Liz Claiborne, demanding that the Partnership include a living wage in its Code of Conduct. 1998: Produced the 1998 Garment Workers Calendar, an inspiring collection of black and white photographs of garment workers at work and on the picket line and with historical dates in the garment industry. Hosted the Living Wage Working Summit which brought together over 50 participants from the U.S., Canada, Mexico, El Salvador, Nicaragua, the Dominican Republic, Hong Kong and the Netherlands. The summit developed a draft formula for a living wage and popularized the demand for a living wage in the anti-sweatshop movement. Co-convened a coalition of students, faculty, staff and community members to strengthen the University of California's Code of Conduct for Trademark Licensees, and began supporting the growing student movement against sweatshops. Participated in the founding of the Workers Rights Consortium. 1999: Won the passage of a sweatshop reform bill for California's 120,000 garment workers, Assembly Bill 633 (Steinberg, Hayden). Filing of three separate lawsuits against top U.S. clothing companies to clean up the rampant sweatshop abuses in Saipan, a U.S. territory in the South Pacific. 2000: Helped won justice for eight Los Angeles garment workers who sewed university gear under sweatshop conditions. Achievements: The recent achievements of Sweatshop Watch

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Critical Thinking Application Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical Thinking Application Paper - Essay Example The ability of each individual to think critically varies. Critical thinking hinges on a few critical elements, these being precision, significance, vigor, fairness and rationality. Today in our rapidly evolving and changing business environment where there is a constant pressure to innovate products and services, an organization cannot remain competitive without the incorporation of critical thinking in its decision making processes. This being only possible if the employees of an organization are equipped to undertake a process of decision making that is purposeful and directed and hence in line with critical thinking. According to Process Management for a business to succeed it is essential that employees are taught to become more conscious of the thought process of an organization and that of the customers. They should be proficient in ‘language precision, being able to examine hidden assumptions, identify effective inferential reasoning and evaluate claims and reasons†™ in order to think critically. There are many examples of critical thinking in a work environment.

Friday, July 26, 2019

Masks Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Masks - Term Paper Example I imagined meeting new friends and acquiring all the freedom in the world. I believe this is what many people still imagine before joining high school. Ask anybody if you ever get the chance and you will most probably prove me right. The long awaited day soon came and I was accompanied to my new school by my father. I always believed that I was his favorite child because I more often than not accompanied him to all places, and unlike my sisters and my other brother, he accompanied me to my new school singly. He must have been the tallest man in the Yorkshire area because I never saw anyone greet him without having to bend low, nor did I ever see him enter any house without bending his head, however slightly. The principal of my new school was a short bald-headed man. He looked so mean and I hated him at once. He was seated at the middle of a large room, a laptop on the table in front of him, and several forms on his right hand side. He had a large belly that touched the hedge of the table. After a thirty-minute talk and other formalities, I was officially admitted to the school and my father left. I felt my body shrivel and a fear ran down my spine. I controlled tears from running down my face. A week later, I was accustomed to the life of the place. Though it was not as I expected, I learned to love it altogether. Little did I know that I was to be chosen as the school’s spy. Whatever, criteria was used to have me chosen has been beyond my knowledge to date. As a spy, I would be an obvious target and would be baited if the other students came to learn of it. I, therefore, tried all I could to ensure that no one, even my closest friends, came to learn of it. However, to my disappointment, some students knew about it and spread the news to the rest of the students. This was so upsetting and perplexing. I would have wished to quit, but there were several privileges that I enjoyed that held me firmly to the task. Secretly, and theoretically of course, I wou ld inform the head teacher of any evil plans within the school, or even of any crimes already committed or due. I hated, and shall forever hate the role I played more than any words can explain. I was hated by almost all students within the school. Most students sneered at me whenever I passed and made mocking sounds towards me. I was stuck in the midst of the office I served, and my anger against the students who tried to make my role impossible. As much as I was hated by most students, I still had faithful and close friends I would rely on. However, it was difficult for me to trust them wholly because they could well have evil plans. Nevertheless, I tried the much I could to save them whenever there was trouble. This, I felt compelled to do to secure a place in their friendship. I knew it was not right, but I had to do it anyway. One day, something I least expected happened. It was an incident that gave me a better understanding of the real scenery of hatred. It was late at night when all students were expected to be in their beds. I had come to learn that most of the evil plans within the school were planned and carried out at this time of the night. There had been peace and everything had been smooth for the past few weeks. I therefore, did not expect any trouble that night or the rest of the week. I therefore, retired to my bed. Before I could fall asleep, my cell phone (one of the privileges I enjoyed) rang. â€Å"

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Evaluation of the research methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Evaluation of the research methods - Essay Example Quantitative and qualitative research methods investigate and explore different claims to knowledge and both methods are designed to address a specific type of research question. While the quantitative method provides an objective measure of reality, the qualitative method allows the researcher to explore and better understand the complexity of a phenomenon (Prado, 2003). The researchers choose the most appropriate research methods that fit their research purposes. The following report will evaluate the research methodologies and analyze how academic journals have used the following methods to find answers to the phenomenon (Ibrahim et al., 2010). The researcher first needs to decide which philosophical view to undertake, which will then help to provide the knowledge of the best methodological paradigm (Saunders et al., 2012) (Appendix 1). For example, positivism researchers believe in a pattern of cause-and-effect that can be used as a basis for predicting and controlling natural phenomenon (Creswell, 2012). The following philosophical view complements the deductive approach because it is highly concerned with testing the hypothesis (Baines et al., 2011). Moreover, choosing chosen concepts from the â€Å"research onion† can help to guide the researcher in choosing the pre-planned descriptive research design and the information obtained can be statistically inferred on a population. Therefore, the most comfortable research methodology to apply would be the quantitative technique (Crouch & Housden, 2012). Because quantitative techniques can obtain statistical information from the respondents that can be quantified into frequencies and percentages that positivistic researchers aim to obtain (Baines et al., 2011). The quantitative approach is known to apply the â€Å"etic† point of view that refers to a distant, analytical

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

THOMSON REUTERS CURRENT STRATEGIC REVIEW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

THOMSON REUTERS CURRENT STRATEGIC REVIEW - Essay Example The study analyses the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the company and also discusses on the strategic measurements of the company that has the led the company build up its value chain attracting and sustaining customers across the world. The major strategic options for the company could thus be determined from the study of this company as found to be essential strategic measures for the success of a business. Introduction: The Thomson Reuters organization was formed from two powerful brands- Reuters in Europe and Asia, and Thomson in US and Canada- and aims to present the professional markets across the world with Intelligent Information intended to generate Knowledge to Act. Thus the organization focuses to serve its customers across the world involving the established strengths of both these brands. Powering the market across the entire globe is the primary goal of the company. Thus the organization focuses on creating and maintaining simplicity, offer insight through autonomous information and substance to facilitate resolutions and are the reliable association between individuals, dealings and information. Innovation is the primary objective of the organization. The organization intends to deliver excellent service to its customers through its products and improve the reliability, stability and quality of the operations of the company (Thomson Reuters: Knowledge to Act n.d.). The performance of the company over the years has been recognized and rewarded by several publications and organizations across the globe. Considering the recent times, the company’s AlertNet Climate was chosen as an Official Honoree in the Green Category by the 16th Annual Webby Awards. The Technical Analyst Award for 2012 was also won by Thomson Reuters News Analytics. AlertNet received the recognition for the Best Designed Site and the Best Video Journalism was achieved by The Egyptian Revolution. The company had also been awarded for their charity functi ons. Their data and technology, law, and accounting were equally recognized and awarded in the recent times (Awards & Recognition 2013). Thus it can be observed that the company over the years has considered effective measures towards achieving its significant position in the industry as reflected through such awards and recognitions. When strategic review of an organization is concerned, it is referred to the understanding of the strategic measures of an organization enabling it to perform successfully in the long run. It is generally difficult for an organization to consider measures that would prove to be effective in the long run. Organizational strategies need to be considered as a continuous process for an organization to discuss measures among the organizational members for plans that would be executed in the short as well as in the long terms. This would essentially focus on the objectives of an organization that need to be achieved. The internal and external factors of an o rganization are largely responsible in affecting and influencing the organizational strategies. Also, the organizational culture is a significant factor that affects the strategies considered by an organization (Hodge 2012). The present study focuses on Thomson Reuters and considers a strategic review of the organization thus discussing about the current strategic

(OutLine) Biography Animal Rights ( Michael Dwayne Vic) Essay

(OutLine) Biography Animal Rights ( Michael Dwayne Vic) - Essay Example He ended up serving 21 months in prison and 2 months in house arrest. d.) After his release, he signed with the Philadelphia Eagles and basically his life returned to normal, although there are those who do not feel he has learned his lesson and dislike him for his actions. B. It illustrates that there is still a lot more to be done for animal rights since Vick was involved with the torture, abuse, and death of many dogs and was given less time in prison then some people involved with drugs receive. Plus, it shows that Vick was able to get his life back for the most part without too much difficulty. C. Discuss how animals are not really being protected by these laws as they are more about ensuring that humans behave in a certain civilized way. There needs to be more focus on the animals well being than the humans. A. Cases such as Michael Vick’s are important in that it shows how frequent abuse occurs and how widespread it is. It shows that animal abuse is not always perpetrated by the scuzzy lowlife with the beer belly who lives in poverty, but also by an affluent celebrity. B. Animals are beloved in America, but we still do not have enough legislation to protect these animals who many consider to be as important as a family member. If they are so important, why aren’t they receiving the rights and protection that they

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

The relation between planning , organising and leading Essay

The relation between planning , organising and leading - Essay Example Failure of these functions cause failure of the organization. Planning is the first tool and core area of all functions of the management. It acts as a base for all other functions to be built. Planning is nothing but a logical thinking of a planner to give shape for immediate and future needs to achieve the goals of the organization. Planning shows the present status of the organization and projects how it would look like in the future. It is a design of today for tomorrow’s action. Continuous planning development is imperative and enhances the organizational effectiveness and efficiency. It is subject to change because of both internal and external factors. Planning should be done by a qualified person in time and any delay can cause problems within the organization. The person makes the planning like a blue print anticipating the problems and incorporating the actions to avoid them. More management decisions are based on the planning. Planning can be made for short, medium and long terms as well as for inside-out, outside-in, top-dow n and bottom-up. The planning can be technical, organizational, tactical, operational, strategic etc. Organizing is the next basic function of the management that follows planning. It ensures for execution of plans and objectives achieved. It is a function that coordinates not only among human, physical and financial resources but between authority and task responsibility as well. Organizing clarifies who is supposed to do what and who reports to whom together with channels of communications. It is the responsibility of the management to organize and use all resources available for implementation of the course of actions and arrangement of materials envisaged in planning to achieve the goals and objectives of the organization. The organizing effectiveness depends much upon the degree to which the organization supports its people to achieve the goals and

Monday, July 22, 2019

Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Essay Example for Free

Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Essay â€Å"Many people called her the American Queen. † (Mattern) Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis was by far the most iconic fashion figure of the 1960’s. She shaped fashion especially for women in her own time, but more than just being a significant influence on how women dressed in the 1960’s her style has transcended the boundaries of time and the modern women even looks to her on matters of fashion. Jackie, as she was fondly called, did not remain as a potent fashion figure only in the 60’s but continued to shape the fashion industry worldwide, even after her days of glory as the First Lady of America. The influence of Jackies style can still be seen now on the catwalks, every designer shows a look inspired by her. She was very classic, but with a modern twist. (Reuters) Nevertheless, it would be presumptuous to just make this conclusion without looking at how this lady was able to change the way women dress. Jackie was highly instrumental in the fashion scene of the 60’s as well as in modern eras because she instilled a sense of courage into fashion, she equated fashion with personality, and she pioneered the concept that simplicity was in fact stylish, elegant and fashionable. The baroque and almost boisterous fashion sense of women in the 60’s were a basis for Jackie’s influence in making women bolder and more unique in their choice of clothing. Note that during this period discreet strain between American and French relations, and despite of this, Jackie rose above the rest and refused to be influenced by this. Oleg Cassini, Jackie’s designer, â€Å"created her wardrobe for the 1961 inauguration. Jackie told him she wanted to dress as if Jack were President of France. Jacobs) While this remark may be considered as un-patriotic at that time, it simply shows how Jackie chose to ignore political and social constructs in delivering her message of fashion. She was also known for quite radical fashion decisions such as when she â€Å"kicked off a craze for the one-shoulder dress, encouraged women to ditch their high, pointy heels, endorsed chain belts, oversized sunglasses, and YSL midi skirts. † (Mathai) All these changes in the way women dress all speak of the boldness Jackie which was what women of the time wanted to acquire. Fashion was almost secondary to women of this period; what were more important to them were the decisiveness, innovation, and courage that riddled decision making among the feminine gender. For instance, â€Å"Jackie had been forced by her public role into wearing hats, as called for by formal protocol†¦She made fashion history, however, by choosing to wear the hat tipped to the back of her head rather than straight on top. (CAVF) This is an illustration of how Jackie set the example for women to remain undaunted by male dominated policies and so take flight; she did this in a language that all women would easily understand – fashion. Jackie was never one to follow what was ‘in’ during the moment because she believed in the value of individualism and unique style. Her penchant for seeking what was most comfortable to her was the best indication that she was not about to sacrifice her comfort for trendiness, and this worked for her as a result. â€Å"Trends and fads never dictated Jackies fashion choices†¦she had the courage of her convictions to reject it if she didnt feel it was right for her. Flaherty) Her courage in fashion rubbed off on all women of the time and even on the modern woman and to this day, people will remember how she breathed new life into the American fashion scene even making the industry more competitive when compared to its global rivals. â€Å"At that time, most high fashion clothes were made in Europe. However, the first lady decided to promote American designers. † (Mattern) Jackie also exercised her influence over women of the 60’s and on today’s fashionable female by showing that clothing was not everything and that what one wore was in fact a reflection of one’s personality. Jackie understood the power of clothing and image and used it to reflect the internationalism of the Kennedy Administration and the promise of the 1960s. † (Leight) So, Jackie always made sure that what she wore made a statement, if not about her, at least about the country she was in. Nevertheless, she also insisted that it was not really the clothing that one wore that made the person, rather, this was just the extension of the ideals and principles that a particular person stood for. As much as Jackie loved fashion, she was much more than the clothes she wore. Although appearances clearly counted, how she lived her life mattered most. † (Flaherty) Jackie was not the kind of person who would as she pleased while compromising the image of her family and of her husband’s administration. Through her many women all around the world realized how important it was for a person to use fashion as a means of conveying a message either about oneself or about the society that he/she was in, but more importantly about one’s beliefs and convictions. Jackie chose clothes that played to both her athletic sensibility and her Vassar-educated, Francophile refinement, notes Bowles. †(Tauber) This meant that Jackie was always on top of her style, that her outfit almost usually reflected not the designer, not the luxury of the attire, but the sensibilities and the principles of the wearer. This had to mean wearing clothes that were not only practical but also simple and Jackie did not destroy the concept of simplicity in the process, in fact, she even re-invented simplicity at a time when artistic expression was at its noisiest. Jackie had left her legacy on the woman of the 60’s as well as on contemporary fashion trends by making women see that simplicity can in fact be fashionable, stylish and elegant. Her passion for simplicity â€Å"took America out of the staid and conservative 1950s and into the world of classy international elegance. † (Leight) Jackie knew what it meant to make an impression and she believed that a lasting impression was possible even with the simplest white dress. She knew that she did not have to be overly verbose about her dressing styles to make people want to turn and have a second look. Her clothes were informed with an understated modern elegance, characterized by cleanliness, solid colors, and ease of movement. † (Leight) So again, one sees here that Jackie found convenience in simplicity in that other than being overly numbered, her fashion sense was fluid and responsive to the needs of the contemporary woman. Nothing went wrong with fashion when Jackie was in the limelight because her style was almost a nude expression of the feminine psyche. â€Å"Years before she became Jackie O, Kennedy was a first lady with impeccable style. (Shih) Simplicity, however, did not come without a price because appearing simple meant that she had to carefully plan her wardrobe so that she achieved the kind of impression that she wanted to get; and so for Jackie, fashion was never unintentional, it was always a conscious effort like poetry and literature; â€Å"Jackie put an enormous amount of work into appearing effortlessly elegant. † We look at her and think, How simple! â€Å"says Hubert de Givenchy†¦But it was deliberate. She was very conscious of her style, her body, her face. (Tauber) A woman of the 90’s can look at Jackie and like the woman of the 60’s still say that she was in fact right in deciding to look simple amid the fame and glory that she was in because it was this simplicity in her fashion sense that gave her authority over the world of fashion and a healthy appreciation for the elegance that came with a piece of clothing. Jackie was nevertheless quite innovative as she always believed that simplicity could be expressed in a thousand different ways, and even with this ironic contradiction, women of the 60’s were able to identify with the effortlessness of Jackie’s fashion. It is this that transcended the trends of the 60’s and began a whole new movement in contemporary dressing, now even known as Jackie O fashion. Jackie was aware that she was changing the world of fashion little by little and building a monument to the element of feminism that is almost non-existent to the opposite sex. So, to date, the world fondly recalls â€Å"the elegant simplicity of Jacqueline Kennedys style that would come to influence fashion all over the world. † (CAVF) It is not always that a woman is able to change the world by being herself; but the fact remains that Jackie sparked a revolution or more appropriately a renaissance in how women dressed in the 60’s and in the new millennia. Of course, some would say that fashion is just a small piece of the bigger picture depicting world shattering issues but how comforting it is to have someone slink back once in a while and remember that there is nothing that one does not have that one can give to the world. Making a difference means having that difference initiated within oneself and through fashion Jackie was able to make this bold and courageous statement. History will forever remember Jackie as the woman who was able to put policy into fashion; as the women who through her humility and respect for the female persona was able to take the fashion of the 60’s and the contemporary era and mold it to perfection by making women understand that fashion meant courage and conviction, that fashion was an extension of oneself, and that fashion does not need to be loud and un-moderated for it to be elegant, fashionable, and more importantly, stylish.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Why Did The Soviet Union Not Invade Poland History Essay

Why Did The Soviet Union Not Invade Poland History Essay This essay will primarily analyse the factors that prevented the Soviet Union from intervening in Poland in 1981, when faced with political opposition by the Solidarity movement. There are four main reasons as to why the USSR decided against the invasion of Poland: StanisÅ‚aw Kanias involvement in the decision making process, the USAs pressure on the Soviet government, domestic factors affecting the Soviet Union and Wojciech Jaruzelskis successes in crushing the opposition. When combined, these factors worked as obstacles to the Soviet Unions decision to invade Poland. The Polish crisis officially burst onto the scene in August 1980. Under the leadership of Lech Walesa, some 10 million poles joined the solidarity movement which immediately set off alarm bells for the communist government in charge. Solidarity was an umbrella organisation which consisted of political and social organisations that wanted a change in the state of affairs in Poland. Solidarity aimed to hold the regime to its communistic promises of government by the people and less work for more pay. Furthermore it demanded free elections and called for a referendum on the replacement of the communist government. Solidarity was so influential that it was allowed to register as a political organisation which encroached on the monopoly of power that the communist government had normally enjoyed. The sheer numbers in Solidaritys ranks and position of relative power it held as a political opposition group caused panic in the Moscow Kremlin. The Soviet military reserves were called up and w arships were sent to ports in Poland. Furthermore a special commission was set up by the Kremlin headed by Mikhail Susolov to investigate the roots of the crisis as well as a remedy to tame the uprising. This background to the Polish crisis gives a solid foundation upon which analysis can take place as to why the invasion of Poland did not take place. StanisÅ‚aw Kania played a crucial role in delaying the intervention till a time when the Polish government had proved itself incapable of handling the political opposition. In the early days of 1981 the Soviet Union had drawn up plans for military intervention in Poland. Soviet, East German and Czechoslovak troops would enter Poland, with 18 divisions remaining in close proximity to the city. The short but effective campaign was set to crush the solidarity movement and restore the communist governments supremacy in Poland. This campaign would have no doubt been complete humiliation for the Polish regime and its leaders, who would be viewed by the rest of the world and, Warsaw pact member alike, as a government incapable of controlling its own people. Furthermore this intervention would have left the Polish government with few supporters and a huge loss of faith from the general population. Kania, being a member of the ruling class in Poland, was determined not to let this h appen and thus played a vital role in delaying the Soviet intervention. On December the 5th during the Moscow summit Kania addressed Brezhnev and fellow Warsaw pact leaders of the critical condition of administrative affairs in his country. He acknowledged the threat that Solidarity posed to communist power in Poland however he emphasized that intervention was not the answer. He stated, If there were to be an intervention there would no doubt be a national uprisingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ which would leave socialist ideas swimming in blood. His open and truthful manner of addressing his countries problems gained the confidence of Leonid Brezhnev. At the end of the summit Brezhnev concluded that the intervention would be postponed in order to give Polish officials a chance to regain the confidence of the public and tame the political opposition. Hence Kanias influence proved a crucial obstacle to the Soviet intervention of Poland in 1981. The USA used its influence as the other global hegemony to great effect in deterring the Soviet Union from invading Poland. The USAs constant threats to the Soviet Union, under the Carter administration, leading up to 1980 are often seen as rather inadequate. Upon hearing that the Soviet Union planned to intervene in Poland, Jimmy Carter put out a press release stating that non intervention of Poland would have clear benefits for the USSR and US- Soviet relations. The Carter administration also had an informant within the Polish borders, who updated them on all Soviet military advancements. When informed of the Warsaw Pacts build up of troops around the Polish border, Carter promptly disclosed the information to the press and the Solidarity movement, thus denying the invaders the element of surprise. Although these threats and actions did have some effect on the Soviet decision making process, they were more useful as a foundation upon which the Reagan administration were able to bui ld their own intimidating tactics. Upon its inauguration into office the Regan administration stated that Soviet intervention in Poland would have dire consequences on US- Soviet relations and strongly advised them to stay out of Polish affairs. Furthermore Reagan emphasised that if Polish forces were to intervene in Poland it would be a, Polish matter in which the US would stay out. Rather than just target threats at the Soviet Union, the USA also provided economic incentive to make the Polish crisis a solely Polish affair. Regan ordered the rescheduling of Polands enormous debt to its creditors in order to enable a relatively peaceful political solution, as opposed to a violent military one. This debt postponement meant that the Polish regime could not focus more resources towards crushing the political uprising thus giving Soviet officials a major reason to leave the Polish crisis to Polish officials. Reagans tactics worked in intimidating the Soviet Union; the Soviet Union would ultimately factor in US relations as a big reason to stay out of Poland. The state of domestic affairs and the importance of public opinion are quite naturally seen as the biggest reasons for the Soviet decision to not intervene in Poland. In the 1980s Soviet leaders had a new found sensitivity towards public opinion. In order to continue the spread of communism, especially in the third world, the Soviet Union needed to portray itself as a progressive nation with the peoples best interest at heart. The Polish crisis had cropped up at a time when the USSR was engaged in a failing war in Afghanistan, with a faltering economy based on deteriorating terms of trade and the dà ©tente having all but ended. Yuri Andropov addressed the politburo on the 10th of December stating that it was an enormous risk to go into Poland that would most likely end in catastrophe. He stated that the USSRs priorities had changed since the 1950s and that they no longer needed Poland to maintain their influence. In addition he addressed the economic and political sanctions that the West would surely impose upon them which would prove an even greater strain on the already waning Soviet economy. On the other hand public opinion was of great importance to both the USA and the USSR and whichever side was deemed to be winning the battle would no doubt be in a better position to influence world affairs. Andropov addressed this point as well by clearly stating, that an invasion in Poland was out of the question because, World public opinion will condemn us [USSR]. These claims by Andropov were well found because the USSR was at a crossroads where they needed to focus on their own countries interests above all others. Ultimately the communist regime being replaced by Solidarity would have only proved a small obstacle for the USSR. The USSRs position of power and influence would have been enough to prevent the downfall of communism in Poland to be mirrored in the rest of the empire. In bordering East Germany and Czechoslovakia the polish crisis was received with relat ively neutral opinions. Their firmly rooted conservative regimes did not fear their respective populations to follow suit. This was mainly due to the fact that the populations of the two countries looked down on Poland for their massive debt and economic backwardness. If a large scale war were to have broken out between communism and capitalism, the USSR would have had no trouble in marching through Poland and reclaiming it and thus the leaders of the politburo concluded that there would be no immediate intervention in Poland. In making this decision Brezhnev remarked, Okay we wont go in, although if severe problems occur we would. Hence in this way the Soviet Union proved to be more concerned with long term western pressure and world public opinion than short term loss of a Warsaw pact member. Jaruzelskis success in imposing martial law is, in my opinion, the most crucial reason as to why the Soviet Union did not invade Poland in 1981. In the final weeks of 1981 it seemed as though the Soviet Unions decision not to invade Poland rested solely on the success of martial law in Poland. In the early days of December Jaruzelski held a conference directed towards Solidarity and other opposition groups where he said, If Polish forces do not manage to break resistance by Solidarity they [the public] could expect other countries to introduce armed forces in Poland. On December the 12th, the night prior to the proclamation of martial law, Warsaw Pact forces in neighbouring countries were put on alert in the case of a large scale public uprising that the Polish authorities would be unable to manage. The imposition of martial law on December 13th 1981 caught Solidarity and other opposition groups off guard. All political organisations, such as solidarity, were banned, a curfew was put in place and all telephone and postal mail were subject to censorship. The initial resistance to martial law proved to be weak and no match to Jaruzelskis military patrols that roamed the streets. Over 90 people were killed in the initial uprising which showed that Jaruzelski was liable to resort to extreme brutality in order to ensure that the nation was once again firmly under the grip of the communist regime. Furthermore in order to further hamper the opposition, all known solidarity members were rounded up for interrogation and Lech Walesa, Solidaritys leader, amongst other opposition leaders was arrested. Jaruzelskis tactics were working in the mere weeks after martial law was imposed. Special military courts were set up which had an outstandingly high rate of conviction. Jaruzelski instilled fear within the population to the magnitude that they refused to go on strike because they were likely to lose their jobs and be detained without trial. Underground Solidarity leaders att empted to rally the population to go on strike at their places of work, in response to this water tanks and armoured cars were sent to large factories and mills to combat any opposition. An underground Solidarity leader said, It was too much to ask of workersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ without specific strategy it was unfair to ask workers to risk their jobs. The public began to fear assembling in opposition to the government because they feared the over used police brutality and were no longer certain about receiving a free and fair trial. Lack of strong and organised opposition put Soviet intervention in Poland out of the question. Brezhnev no longer saw the need to intervene in a country where the communist regime had seemed to, at least temporarily, have the public and opposition under control. In the early 1990s Jaruzelski gave an interview to justify his proclamation of martial law in Poland, where he stated that martial law was the lesser evil in the given scenario. Had he not imposed it the Warsaw pact forces would have inevitably invaded the country. Thus the success of martial law stands as the biggest reason for Soviet non-intervention of Poland in 1981. The four main reasons that stood in the way of the Soviet Union intervening in Poland, all have their respective merits. However it is in the last two reasons, internal problems in the Soviet Union and Jaruzelskis success in crushing the opposition, that stand out as the most crucial. Had Solidarity taken power in 1981, all obstacles preventing the USSR from invading Poland would have vanished and an army would have ultimately been sent into Poland. However in my opinion Jaruzelskis success in imposing martial law was the only factor that gave the Soviet Union a finality about their decision to not invade Poland and must thus stand as the main point of analysis when considering the given question.

Case Study: Psychopathic Genes

Case Study: Psychopathic Genes Many people are afraid of the concept of death and what happens after life. But, many arent aware of the people that take life from others. Killers roam our streets but, arent easy to spot. They blend in with our looks and sometimes personalities. It is only possible to tell by their actions, for example when they have committed a gruesome crime. Little is known about psychopaths, many assume they are inspired, pressured or forced into doing what they do. Many of the killers have hard time in their life, as do normal people, but their problems accumulate, which add up to their emotions and do the unthinkable as we refer it to. As in the case of Marybeth Tinning who murder her 4-month daughter with a pillow mentions after the deaths of my other children I just lost it. However, there has been study and theories to show that psychopathic traits can be found in genes. Daniel M. Blonigen and his crew took 626 pairs of 17-year-old male and female twins from the community. And resulted wi th this Psychopathic traits were indexed using scores on the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire. Symptoms of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology were obtained via structured clinical interviews. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate genetic and environmental influences on psychopathic personality traits as well as the degree of genetic overlap between these traits and composites of internalizing and externalizing. The Twin analysis revealed significant genetic influence on distinct psychopathic traits (Fearless Dominance and Impulsive Antisociality). Moreover, Fearless Dominance was associated with reduced genetic risk for internalizing psychopathology, and Impulsive Antisociality was associated with increased genetic risk for externalizing psychopathology. So, studies have been done to show that both genetic and environmental factors play a role in a variety of behaviors in humans. What is a psychopath? Many people dont know much about psychopaths or what it is. They know them by the way the media portraits them to be. O. Lilienfeld says that there are three big myths that are untrue; one is that all psychopaths are violent. Researched by psychologists such as Randall T. Salekin, indicates that psychopathy is a risk factor for future physical and sexual violence. Second, all psychopaths are psychotic. In contrast to people with psychotic disorders à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦psychopaths are almost always rational. They are well aware that their ill-advised or illegal actions are wrong in the eyes of society but shrug off these concerns with startling nonchalance. Third psychopathy is untreatable. Although psychopaths are often unmotivated to seek treatment, research by psychologist Jennifer Skeem of the University of California, Irvine, and her colleagues suggests that psychopaths may benefit à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦from psychological treatment. The real term for psychopath is Antis ocial Personality Disorder, psychopathy and sociopathy are generally considered subsets of ASPD, it was given by American Psychiatric Association, its the term used for a personality disorder characterized by an abnormal lack of empathy combined with strongly amoral conduct but masked by an ability to appear outwardly normal. The main characteristics of a psychopath are the lack of sympathy / remorse for others, even including love ones. Other characteristic features: superficial charm, self-centered self-important, need for stimulation prone to boredom, deceptive behavior lying, conning manipulative, little guilt, cruelty to animals, callous with a lack of empathy, living off others or predatory attitude,   poor self-control, promiscuous sexual behavior, early behavioral problems, disregard for safety, impulsive lifestyle, irresponsible behavior, blaming others for their actions, short term relationships, juvenile delinquency, breaking parole or probation, and variety of    criminal activity. There are two types of psychopath that are easily distinguished. The two types of psychopath are Fearless Dominance and Impulsive Antisociality. Beth Terrel quoted Professor Dr. Stephen Benning from Vanderbilt University. The two seem to be different in their own ways but are still psychopaths. The fearless dominance is often a paradoxical mix of charm and nastiness, cool and calm under pressure, the FD type is not easily rattled. They lack the same kind of anticipatory anxiety that most people have so, instead of thinking they do it. Fearless Dominance is associated with a number of things our society considers desirable or good: high verbal I.Q., high performance, and economic success. The FD type is often charming and socially influential. He or she relishes directing other peoples activities and basking in their admiration. The FD type is sexually adventurous and often takes risks. Its not that they cant feel fear or anxiety; its just that it takes a much more extreme situation to elicit those emotions. FD types live for the thrill, the excite ment, the adrenaline rush. The Impulsive Antisociality type is an aggressive, unorganized, and a suspicious person. An IA types doesnt generally make plans, and they dont think societys rules are worth following. They often abuse drugs, and like the FD type they often are extremely sexually active. Its not the thrill that motivates the IA type, its the relief of boredom, alienation and because of the need to do something. They are extremely reactive and have a lot of raw, aggressive energy. Usually, they have a long history of antisocial behavior, such as brawling and vandalism. These are the two types of psychopaths. Fox reported that there are three genes that may play a strong role in determining why some young men raised in rough neighborhoods or deprived families become violent criminals. One gene called MAOA that played an especially strong role has been shown in other studies to affect antisocial behavior, said sociology professor Guang Guo, who led the study. I dont want to say it is a crime gene, but 1 percent of people have it and scored very high in violence and delinquency, Guo said in a telephone interview. The other two genes are called the dopamine transporter 1 (DAT1) gene and the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene, which are also associated with bad behavior, but only when the boys suffered some other stress, such as family issues, low popularity and failing school. Guo said These results,..link molecular genetic variants to delinquency, significantly expand our understanding of delinquent and violent behavior, and they highlight the need to simultaneously consider their social and genetic origins. Three examples of genes that have a role in psychopaths. An article Child Psychopaths, the author back fires by saying that its the parents fault, they are the ones that created a psychopath. Psychologist Lonnie Athens takes the approach that antisocial behavior results from a series of evolutionary stages. He came up with the idea that people become violent through a process that he calls violentization, which involves four stages: brutalization and subjugation, belligerency, violent coaching, and criminal activity. First, this person is a victim of violence and feels powerless to avoid it. Then he is taught how and when to become violent and to profit from it. Then he acts on that. If a person from a violent environment does not become violent, it is because some part of the process is missing. He connects a serial killers, Gary, actions were formed from violence and lack of empathy by the instability and brutalization of his family life. But, there is evidence to say that environmental influence isnt the key to a full developed psychopa th and there is still genetics that contribute to there actions. Young children can be spotted for some psychopathic symptoms. Some mental health professionals say they can recognize early markers in kids as young as toddlers for what may later develop into psychopathy. Experts also emphasize that not all children who appear to be at risk for psychopathy go on to become psychopathic adults Studies show that a significant portion of children who show psychopathic traits often referred to among researchers as callous-unemotional traits, which include not being concerned about others feelings and not feeling bad or guilty as early as the preschool years have the same traits when they are teens. And adolescence is a time when they are more likely than other kids to exhibit extreme behavior problems, aggression and delinquency. These teens with significant CU traits are then more likely to become psychopathic adults. Other studies resulted with some brain malfunctions when doing something they shouldnt be doing so, they wont feel remorse or have fear like a normal person would. Scientists interviewed hundreds of prison inmates, to learn about what makes them tic, and which parts of the brain lead them to live an emotionally disconnected and often violent life. They resulted with faulty wiring in the limbic system (the brains emotional center) and the amygdala (which generates fear) make psychopaths able to do horrendous things and feel nothing, and never fear danger or consequences. They also believe that genes contribute 50 percent of the puzzle and life experience the other 50 percent (Heatherturgeon). Meaning environmental factors still play a role. In another study done by Dombeck stated available data regarding the causes of psychopathic personality suggests that both nature and nurture are at work there as well. He interviewed prison inmates and did a Psychopathy Checklist, asked about thier history of their abuse experience, and a few other questionnaires. He resulted with this: Our findings indicate that a history of  child abuse  or neglect relates positively but weakly to global psychopathic features. Abuse is unrelated to the core affective and interpersonal traits of psychopathy but relates preferentially and moderately to the impulsive and irresponsible lifestyle or externalizing features of psychopathy. Dissociative experiences do not significantly mediate this relationship. Our findings call into question etiological models positing that early abuse and neglect shut off affective responding, thereby resulting in individuals who possess the cold and callous features of primary psychopathy. So, abuse was not found to predict psychopathy as a whole, but an abuse history did predict a certain feature of psychopathy; namely the tendency to be impulsive. So, what can be the cure for such genes or the process to prevent such horrific crimes from psychopath? Its also possible for some kids with CU traits, particularly the youngest ones who have the greatest capacity to change, to simply grow out of them. CU traits are most reliably assessed starting at age 4, but even 2 year old can exhibit signs that they are lacking early empathy, says Paul Frick, chair of the department of psychology at the University of New Orleans who studies youth behavior problems (Stenson). The Fitness First Club: Marketing communications The Fitness First Club: Marketing communications With the background information I have been given in this assignment, I have created a key objective for the Fitness First club. I will gather a report that reviews and analyses the marketing communications activities of Fitness First, and outlines recommendations for future communications activities. My aim at first place is to increase the number of members aged 10 35 by Jun 2013, I will also propose to use more personal selling to develop new accounts, this will increase the amount of trials and encourage other members to join a fitness club and be made aware of other promotions. Fitness First is one of the largest health club group in the world. It has 540 branches worldwide and having more than 1.7 million members in 21 states. Fitness First clubs campaign to encourage more people to find out what fitness regime works for them by using former spice girl as the face of the week fitness international. In the UK, it holds 160 fitness clubs with over 405,000 members (Source: Wikipedia). Here is the background information on factors that have impact on Fitness First Political In the UK and worldwide government policy has potential influence on the market, specific initiatives could benefit the industry, but theres also a broader push on the part of the government to try and promote healthy eating and exercise, possibly resulting in more people seeking gym membership. Early this year the government encouraged people to get fit ahead of the Olympic to come. Economic The economic factors such as utilities prices and wage rates will affect numerous aspects of Fitness First, the fitness costs will rise and members may need to prioritise their spending as cuts are made on their disposable income, especially in the prospect group. Not a lot of people are willing to spend much in the fitness club when they could on their own practice physical exercise at home, however price will be reviewed in order to well compete in the market and encourage subscribers to join Fitness First. Social Lifestyle factors such as growth in convenience foods and home entertainment have resulted in more muddy lifestyles; consumption levels of alcohol are rising which will effect gym participation and subscription. In todays celebrity cultures, theres lots of pressure to be looking good in the social life and have better appearance; It has influenced the way people are improving themselves to build six pact bodies to attract more females from the mens view and such are also the desire of some women encourage their men not to be obese. Technological Its important that Fitness First has up to date machines to compete with others and satisfy the needs of the members. Fitness First also uses technology to target the public in an effective way, text messages with special offers and online free trial vouchers and also create a page on the socials network (Source: Fitness First). Legal: Fitness First should examine legal requirements pursuant to the code of practice and should not use high pressure tactics to make sign a membership agreement or take unfair advantage of the lack of your understanding if you do not comprehend certain documents. Fitness First must display a sign that says about the health risks that may affect participation in fitness services. The Signs shall be clearly visible for anyone entering the fitness center. Environment: Fitness First should build in an ideal environment for the well-being of the planet and its members by seeking to reduce the environmental footprint of the equipment and invest the most on self-power cardiovascular machineries. Where the proper motion of the user produce all the energy needed to operate the machines, it will attract new customers by providing clean machines that are free of toxic substances, which is environmentally friendly material ( Source: athletics business). Task2. Marketing communications mix Like many fitness clubs devote themselves to schedule a marketing plan, research shows that promotion for health club is managed by using telephone (telemarketing) Radio (radio advertising) Biz (business membership programs) Mail (direct mail and email marketing), TV (cable advertising) News (newspaper advertising), etc (Source: fitness360). Looking at the previous campaign made by Fitness First when taping in the power of digital marketing, including display advertising and affiliate marketing. Their goal were to ensure that the skills of a professional fitness and qualifications remain relevant by increasing the number of downloads, due to the evolution of mobile advertising, Fitness First took rapid action to introduce click-to-call extensions with the current locations of users, which was essential for success and having the most competitive position in terms of mobile advertising. O2 been the selected mobile telephonic provider in the UK worked alongside with Fitness Firsts by l aunching a mobile marketing campaign for Fitness first club. The campaign was to offer five days free subscription and personal training session via SMS to O2 customers who live in specific postal codes near Fitness First clubs (Source: Mobile Marketing). The use of the site for the target consumer maximizes both efficiency and relevance of the offer. By creating this campaign in favor for Fitness First, O2 launched brand communication opt-in on O2s customers who are interested in health, wellness and sports, aged between 18 and 35 years. O2 provided a daily email with qualified leads in number of mobile customers and postal codes to call the client and make an appointment. The use of this highly targeted medium of communication helps to ensure maximum effectiveness of campaigns, which proves to be moving one of our tools to acquire the most successful to date. Fitness First has also launched an affiliate displaying ads on Facebook and campaigned display advertising targeted Adjug w ith the use of PPC (Pay Per Click) which is the most common form of internet marketing currently in use worldwide. The purpose of using PPC was to send instant traffic to any website niches most commonly used to send targeted traffic to a page using only keywords related to the product page of the advertiser or trying to sell. It is also very useful for testing long-term strategies of SEO and ensure that your targeted keywords will convert. PPC is a fast and effective way of generating revenue to almost any website. However, if done incorrectly, it devalue your site very quickly and you will lose money, some of the biggest PPCs networks are Google Adwords, Google Maps, Google advertising investments Yahoo, Microsoft AdCenter and Facebook. As a result of these actions, downloads increased significantly (Source: Latitude) The tools used by Fitness First have been tested and proven that promotion is custom designed in particular relation with demographics region, time of the season, current members and other information gathered from the clubs profile before starting of the promotion. When analyzing the marketing campaign of Fitness First thought it lead them at the extend they were expecting to be. Nevertheless, I still find some improvement needed to be done to acquire more subscriber in their fitness club, because not many people are on the O2s network also taking an account of internet marketing, was of good use in the point that technology is mostly used in this 21st century we living on but it could have been far more better to also make the use of other medium channels such as TV, Radio etc. Why so? Because everyone in the UK, living in their own house uses at least one of these tools to be informed of what is happening in the other side of the world. Task3. Marketing communication plan Knowing that digital marketing, including display advertising and affiliate marketing worked well for Fitness First, I will in this section shield the strategic day to day aspects of setting up my plan into action to enhance more the advertising portfolio of Fitness First, without pulling apart what have been done by Fitness First, where the use of my judgment and discretion on deciding how to schedule and plan activities, calculating costs and measuring progress will be outlined. Here is how I am going to illustrate my idea of marketing campaign. Every fitness and health club plans is designed base on the personal exercise and nutrition history Ill suggest to employ a pull up strategy, with most prospects aged between 10- 35 mostly targeting primary school to Higher education to offer them services that encourage students. I will also suggest targeting the affordable sector of the market with a competitive pricing. The marketing communications mix will be divided around objectives, message, and media. The objectives will aim to provide Fitness First consumers, access to sport and exercise opportunities to the top range facilities by adopting a healthy lifestyle. Fitness First will have to work with its local partners in education and people to share information, knowledge, skills and expertise, for example with schools, Higher Education an arrangement of work placements for students will be assigned and will share good practice at national competitive sporting events. My message should sound making bold statements to draw the attention of people, in belief of my commercial messages by organizing a public speaking and fitness group to bring people together to motivate each other by allowing people to be aware of what we are attend to do and reminding them of our existence. To achieve this, Ill suggest the use of current staff and get them trained and have sufficient knowledge to encouraging people to subscribe, by telling their own experiences regarding the good effect since they j oined the fitness club and how physically fit must you be. In so doing, people will understand my overall message, where the key point is to promote physical exercise, sustain encouragement and then for sure people might now develop the need to join Fitness First club.( source: sales-and-marketing-for-you). Media: when hoping to bring a new product or in my case to promote a new service, that will be ruining at Fitness First, you need to carefully consider possible ways to promote your product. However, using different mediums such as Radio, Bus, TV and social network (source: ehow), in order to increase brand awareness. The adverts will show the benefits of healthy lifestyles, giving people the idea about getting in shape. However: Population trends by socio economic group are an important influence on ability and prosperity to spend on fitness club membership. Consumers from the socio economic groups are the most likely to use health and fitness clubs regularly, most are light TV viewers so this medium is not an effective target, Radio is likely to be more effective. (Source: sales-and-marketing-for-you).The use of social media has exploded in recent years as a way to raise awareness and generate free traffic it includes sites and services such as Twitter, Facebook, MySpace, YouTube, and many others. The main advantages are that it is free to communicate and has a capability of going viral and reach a vast numbers of people without additional effort ( source: clickbank) The cost of the marketing will certainly play a big part in what I am intend to do. Bad sales and marketing is as a general announcement focused on no one in particular. In order to maximize a huge return profit, it is always good to approach the marketing plan with consideration and not devote a lot of money on a single marketing channel or campaign. I will instead try to shape up a range of successful publicity approaches over a time, I will also outline its cost, and how much money will I have to spend on advertising campaign? How long and how much each communication method will be balanced against the marketing communication budget. I will at first place, be concerned about the break-even point before developing any sales and marketing program, including advertising cost. I will also find out how much is each new customer and exiting customer worth to the fitness club? When observing the lifetime value of the health and fitness club subscriber, I will use approximation such as fi guring out, how long each customer stays with Fitness First, where the contract will be given for 1-3 years for the new subscribers. Once I know the number and frequency of sales I derived from the average customer, I can then use profit margin to estimate how much each customer worths to the fitness club and how many customers is needed to obtain the specific marketing campaign, in order to consider it as a success: However, to run the campaign of Fitness First, I found that the cost for ITV 1 Yorkshire channel per month is of  £48336, people will be target on the daytime services of 11am to be aware of the services, the local radio station is of  £160 per month with 8 short spot adverts of 15 seconds per day, cinema advertising will be of  £900 per month along with billboard advertising  £1920 the month and the cost of transport advertising is of  £6360 per month ( Source: Blackboard). My message needs to reach customers, therefore the out home advertising buses will be these that are seen on high street shops and go to different places of the city, where middle and junior management of the social class are living. Based on my research, I will therefore recommend 9 months of advertising on radio, buses and billboard along with 4 months advertising on ITV1 Yorkshire and cinema the total average budget for the advertising will be estimated at the price of  £232,188.00 for a whole 9 mo nths period advertisement of all these chosen mediums where the first 5 month will be to remind the people on the existence of Fitness First along to inform them what Fitness First is planning of doing and after the 5 months period have gone Fitness First will now differentiate itself from other competitors by adopting a unique approach and machineries that are of people expertise, when visiting the fitness first club and then persuade them by meeting the needs of people with the choice of services and materials that are environmentally friendly. Report Executive Account Statement To: Brand Spanking Agency 29/10/2012 I Daniel Kevin AMATCHA, I am please to submit my report describing on how I intend to promote the fitness and health club. The purpose of this report was to gather sufficient information to render professional opinion about advertising your health and fitness club. This assessment includes research and figures concerning the cost of the whole month budget when using the mass media to promote the fitness club: however. I have also included the PESTEL analysis, which is an effective way to analyse external impacts on the health and fitness club, and planned the strategic action that will be of good use for the marketing communications mix as I separated into discussions around objectives, message, and media. I have also introduced a marketing communication plan on how to work side with the marketing mix, which I have designed along with its schedule and plan activities including the cost of the advertising. You may also find on my plan the monthly statement budget and the chosen mediums to promote Fitness First club for 9 months period. Bibliography: Source: Wikipedia//>> article//>> Fitness First//>> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitness_First viewed on the 17/10/12 Source: Fitness First//>>  © Fitness First 2012//>> http://www.fitnessfirst.co.uk/ viewed on the 17/10/12 Source: athletics business//>> home//>> articles//>> hot topics//>> environmental issues//>> Fitness Facilities Go Green//>> written by Amy Scanlin, on October 2007//>>http://www.athleticbusiness.com/articles/article.aspx?articleid=3278zoneid=1 viewed on the 17/10/12 Source: fitness360//>>campaign types//>> services/>> sales and promotions//>> © 2012 fitness marketing systems //>> http://www.fitness360online.com/fitness-marketing-services/on-site-membership-promotions viewed on the 24/10/12 Source: Latitude//>> where I am//>> home//>> whom we work with//>> Fitness First//>> http://www.latitudegroup.com/what-weve-done/who-weve-worked-with/fitness-first-2/ viewed on the 17/10/12 Source: Mobile Marketing//>>News//>> Analyses//>> O2//>> Fitness First campaign//>> written by David Murphy released 4 years ago //http://www.mobilemarketingmagazine.co.uk/content/o2-launches-fitness-first-campaign viewed on the 17/10/12 Source: 2.warwick//>>fitnessfirst//>>pdf//>>context analysis and promotional//>>http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/alumni/services/eportfolios/bsqjfb/fitnessfirst.pdf viewed on the 17/10/12 Source: sales-and-marketing-for-you//>>marketing communication plan//>>Copyright  © 2012//>>http://www.sales-and-marketing-for-you.com/marketing-communication-plan.html viewed on the 17/10/12 Source: ehow//>>ways-promote-new-product//>>http://img.ehowcdn.com/author-avatar/studio-image/ver1.0/Content/images/store/0/5/10f337f6-807a-4881-a57c-27efbd75408f.Small.jpg by Larry Amon//>>http://www.ehow.com/way_5162681_ways-promote-new-product.html viewed on the 17/10/12 Larry Amon Larry Amon has been working in the computer field for more than 10 years and has experience writing scripts, instructional articles and political commentary. He has been published online, as well as in NRB Magazine and Delmarva Youth Family. He started a nonprofit media organization in 2000. Source clickbank//>>common ways to promote products//>>http://www.clickbank.com/help/affiliate-help/affiliate-guides/common-ways-to-promote-products/ Source: Blackboard//>>x-stream.leedsmet.ac.uk//>>http://x-stream.leedsmet.ac.uk/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_tab_group_id=_2_1url=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2Flauncher%3Ftype%3DCourse%26id%3D_33250_1%26url%3D Viewed on the22/10/12 Source: myadbase//>> guide//>>advertising radio station//>>http://myadbase.com/guide_final.php?page=advertising_radio_station viewed on the 20/10/12 Source: ukbusiness//>> UK Business forums//>> Business forums//>> General business forum//>>http://www.ukbusinessforums.co.uk/forums/showthread.php?t=49219 viewed on the 26/10/12 Source: outdooradvertisingltd//>>Bus stop advertising//>> http://www.outdooradvertisingltd.co.uk/pages/bus-stop-advertising.php viewed on the 26/10/12 Source: sunriseradio//>> advertising//>> http://www.sunriseradio.fm/innerpage.php?rank=2 viewed on the 24/10/12

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Schizophrenia Essay examples -- Psychology Disorders

Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder that causes severe mental disturbances which disrupt ones thoughts, speech, and behavior. According to Paul Thompson, Associate Professor of Neurology, one percent of the world’s population suffers from this disorder. There is no one specific cause of schizophrenia, because it is caused by a combination of problems during development. It is a disorder which not only affects the patient, but their family and society as well. Schizophrenia can be a debilitating disorder, however, there are many treatments that can allow people who suffer from it to lead normal lives. â€Å"Schizophrenia, a complex and often disabling mental illness, is among the most serious of brain diseases† (Veague 1).To some schizophrenic patients, imagination and reality become so intertwined that they cannot distinguish between them. Those who suffer hear and see what no one else around them hears or sees and sometimes finds it impossible to believe the voices and visions are all a part of their imagination. Before the 1950’s, many schizophrenics had to remain in mental hospitals. Emil Kraepelin, a German psychiatrist, provided the first characterization of schizophrenia, in the late nineteenth century. â€Å"He believed that the disorder was caused by irreversible physical damage to the brain† (Veague 3). Eugen Bleuler, who was a contemporary of Emil Kraepelin, believed that schizophrenia was caused by psychological trauma sustained early in life. Since then, scientists have blocked the action of dopamine on certain nerve cells and also have deve loped other drugs which control the symptoms with fewer side effects. Schizophrenia is much less common than bipolar disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder and major d... ...ects. They are effective in treating both positive and negative symptoms. There are some mild side effects such as drowsiness and weight gain. Other than medication, which is the most common type of treatment, there is therapy. There is individual therapy, group therapy and family therapy. This way the patient is usually medicated and also expresses their feelings about being schizophrenic. Schizophrenia causes those who suffer to have severe mental disturbances, act uncontrollably, loses touch with reality and not able to take care of themselves. It causes family members to become stressed, develop drug or alcohol problems for themselves or family members, to become homeless, or even try and take their own life. Schizophrenia can be a debilitating disorder, however, there are many treatments that can allow people who suffer from it to lead normal lives.

Friday, July 19, 2019

Symbolism in J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye Essay -- The Catch

Many novels cannot be fully understood and appreciated if only read for face value, and J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye is no exception. The abundant use of symbolism in Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye is of such significance that it â€Å"proclaims itself in the very title of the novel† (Trowbridge par. 1). If the symbolism in this novel is studied closely, there should be no astonishment in learning that The Catcher in the Rye took approximately ten years to write and was originally twice its present length. J.D. Salinger uses copious amounts of symbolism in his novel to accurately convey the feelings of his main character, Holden, and, in essence, to reveal information pertaining to human sentiment. Many of these symbols contain irony, multiple meanings, and varying degrees of complexity. Through the comprehension of Salinger’s unique symbolism, however, The Catcher in the Rye can be truly understood and appreciated. The character of Holden Caulfield is a powerful symbol himself which represents people as they truly are. Holden can be related to by anyone; he is occasionally silly, irritating, thoughtless, and irresponsible. He judges others without a second thought and builds his perception of people according to the things that he deems to be â€Å"phony.† Holden Caulfield is representative of idealism. He sees the difference between what is and what ought to be and is bothered enough by this to take action. The name â€Å"Holden† can be phonetically interpreted as meaning â€Å"hold on,† but what is it that Holden is holding on to? The Catcher in the Rye is the tale, from Holden’s perspective, of the three days following his removal from his prep school, Pencey, and the wisdom that comes during his venture. One of the first enc... ...nguage Quarterly 25.4 (1964): 461. Print. Edwards, Duane. "Don't Ever Tell Anybody Anything." ELH 44.3 (1977): 554-65. JSTOR. Web. 20 Apr. 2009. Foran, Donald. "A Doubletake on Holden Caulfield." The English Journal 57.7 (1968): 977-79. JSTOR. Web. 18 Apr. 2009. Miller, Edwin. "In Memoriam: Allie Caulfield in The Catcher in the Rye." EBSCOhost. 2000. Web. 22 Apr. 2009. Privitera, Lisa. "Holden’s Irony in Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye." Explicator 66.4 (2008): 203-06. Print. Salinger, J. D. The Catcher in the Rye. Boston: Little, Brown, 2001. Print. Svogun, Margaret D. "Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye." Explicator 61.2 (2003): 110. Print. Takeuchi, Yasuhiro. "Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye." Explicator 60.3 (2002): 164. Print. Trowbridge, Clinton W. "The Symbolic Structure of The Catcher in the Rye." EBSCOhost. 2000. Web. 17 Apr. 2009.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Dangers of Online Dating Essay

In this article the author was relating teenage obesity to some of the dangerous activities that teens may be experimenting with. The authors theory was that since sometimes teenagers who are obese may be socially isolated, they may do things to try to fit in with the crowd. Also being socially isolated may cause stress. Some of these things may include experimenting with drugs and alcohol. One of these drugs might be cigarettes which can become very dangerous to an obese person because of the health risks involved. And it was said that although skinnier girls are more likely to have ever had sex, it was said that when an obese girl did have intercourse it will be more likely to happen under the influence of drugs and/or alcohol. Both of those are dangerous and cause these girls to be at risk or pregnancy or STD’s. This article could affect many of the overweight girls that are on this college campus. I believe that many people are introduced to the drug and alcohol world around this time in their life. And in college you need to protect yourself twice as much if you decide to engage in those activities, especially if you are at a college party or in a unfamiliar setting. Also many students start feeling the stress when they come to college and realize the work load. A way of coping with stress is substance use. Therefore, once again every body needs to be safe and smart when it comes to drug and alcohol use. The safest way is not to use drugs and alcohol. It ensures sober sex and a sober safe night.

The Effect of Pollution on Mount Everest

Nepal is the small, one of the poorest uncouth of the human being. Yet it is very rich in natural resources and scenic steady including richlyest ranges of Himalayas. Nepal is the nucleotide of the eight highest mountains out often in the world. Mountaineers, trekkers and skilled professionals regularly visit to sub overdue the Mountains in Nepal, which has increased the number of phaeton in Nepal. In the last decade, mints fondness toward the mount has increased a lot, by which number of climbers visiting Mount Everest has alike been increased.Due to the increasing umber of climbers in the Everest, contamination in and around the Everest has increased and it inevitably a special attention to retard from the pollution. Everest attracts stack of all around the world. In the past only few climbers who love well close the mountains used to rally only today most of the fire deal who have enough frugal sources visit Himalayas to climb the mountain. According to Norbu Sherpa, a mountain tourist guide, people dumbfound to climb Everest as they want to be famous scaling the tallest mountain in the world (Wawahargon).In the early 2000s the number f tourist arriving to Nepal was around 400,000 but in last two years people flowing to Nepal has increased rapidly gain around 900,000 nearly triple of showtime 2000s as per the statistics given by the Nepal tourism Statistics in 2012 (Minis canvas of Culture, Tourism and Civil breeze ). As the song of climbers has increased, pollution in the highest portion of the peaks has been increased.defilement in the Everest includes foods, plastics, cans, gas tanks, papers, climbers equipment, benignant excreta, and withal dead bodies of climbers. According to Norbu Sherpa in the article, A Conversation with Mountain choose Norbu Sherpa, if the flow of the climbers is frequent, more and more blow out is created (Wawahare). The article Everest Maxed Out published on June 2013 in National Geographic powder m agazine by Mark Jenkins provides information about his climb up on Everest and the flow of climbers he saw near camp seedy and pollution in the Everest.Jenkins says, The two standardized routes, the Northeast Ridge and the Southeast Ridge, are non only dangerously herd but also disgustingly polluted, with garbage leaking out of the glaciers and pyramids of human excrement befouling the high camps. And then there are the deaths. Pollution due to death of climbers happens especially due to certain change in withstand and climbers who is less experienced or trained. disdain of being polluted, Everest fascinates and attracts the climbers toward it every year.As the increasing numbers of trekkers and climbers in the Everest has led to the pollution, governance should try to clean up all the wastes in the Everest utilizing the revenue they had earned from the tourism industry. Norbu says, the authorities earnings through tourism has not been utilize in mountains nor for benefit of Sherpas (Wawahare). politics should make strict rules and laws to punish the people who makes pollution in the Everest.If the Climbers did not obtain back their all used equipments and the chip from Everest they should lose their deposit money and Sherpas should be rewarded if they brought wastes to the lower base of Everest. And also government, mountaineering agencies should limit the number of people climbing the mountain in every succession or month which leave alone not only helps to control pollution but also maintains the traffic Jams in Everest. A climbers, guides and Sherpas should be provided trainings to handle the severe eather thoughtfulness in mountain so that deaths in the mountains decrease.Decreasing the number of deaths and limiting the number of climbers on Everest pollution will be controlled and also government needs to be aware(p) about the pollution on Everest and utilize their revenue for reducing pollution in mountains. Everest is one of the main f actor that world recognizes Nepal, so every concerned various(prenominal) as well as government and agencies should control pollution. Controlling pollution it will not only preserve the beauty of Everest but also more people can have the glory to measure the Everest in future.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

So what exactly is sexism

Sexism is the whimsey that rights and roles in ones society should be governed by ones sex. Historic altogethery, sexism has been male-driven and accompanied by a touch in the inferiority of women. The new opportunities sightly available to women and men through the feminist movement will be just to both. Men can become happier and to a greater extent fulfilled human beings by ambitious the old-fashioned rules of masculinity that embody the guess of male superiority. Traditional masculinity includes some positive characteristics in which men obtain pride and find strength, but it as well contains qualities that have limited and harmed hem.I potently support the continuing struggle of women for generous equality. I oppose such injustices to women as economic and legal discrimination, rape, domestic violence, intimate harassment, and legion(predicate) others. Women and men can and do work together as consort to change the injustices that have so often made them see one other as enemies. One of the strongest and deepest anxieties of more American men is their fear of homosexuality. This homophobia contributes directly to the many injustices experienced by gay, lesbian and epicene persons, and is a debilitating restriction for many heterosexual men.We should call for an nd to all forms of discrimination based on sexual-affectional orientation, and for the psychiatric hospital of a gay affirmative society. The brook injustice of racism, which like sexism has long separate humankind into unequal and isolated groups, is of special(a) concern to me. Racism touches all of us and remains a primary first of inequality and oppression in our society. I also acknowledge that many race atomic number 18 oppressed today because of their class, age, religion, and material condition. I believe that such injustices are vitally connected to sexism, with its fundamental innovate of unequal distribution of power.

Monday, July 15, 2019

Food and nutrition Essay

f ar is whatsoever representation comm further releaseen or intoxicated by aliment things. The b ready viands to a fault entangles semiliquid drinks. aliment is the primary(prenominal) commencement of ability and of upkeep for faunas, and is comm solo of fleshly or inst all(a) origin. on that point atomic number 18 4 ( quadruple-spot) pre copiousorial fodder talent sources toothsomes, proteins, wampums and alcohol. diachronic emergence world ar all-devouring(prenominal) wights that unlesst jointister necessitate rough(prenominal) launch and fleshly products. We changed from ga t here(predicate)rs to hunter gatherers. later the find of the crosspatch eon t is resemblingly that military man treasured to fabricate wellhead-nigh legal opinion of warranter by imperative what industrial plants were increase and which cr takeures were avail adequate to(p). This conduct to agriculture, which has continually meliorate and modify th e way in which nutrition is engendered. In order to agnise how we sack admire gr feaster wellness and welfargon, we study to check something just about feed. thither argon four substantial classifys of solid f be. For wellness and wellbeing we remove viands from all the groups. The subprogram of this paginate is to var. that all(prenominal) four groups of victuals argon of the essence(p) to wellness and wellbeing. correct hough we whitethorn be back up to eat little fat person, this knave stresses that the clay requires at to the lowest degree some food from severally of the groups each day. umpteen foods engage to a greater extent than than ane group of food, and take out hold ons all groups of food. victuals is real much classify as 1. Carbohydrate, including reference 2. Protein 3. plentiful 4. Vitamins and Minerals Carbohydrates be substances that rent atomic number 6, heat content and group O. They be employ in the eubstance to bring forth vigor. They accept sugars and starches. Carbohydrates argon ordinarily guarded from plant sources.They argon depressed start in the dead remains to sort glucose, and either that is non direct involve in gillyflowerd in the coloured nd muscles as glycogen. Plants design carbohydrates to chassis structures and blood either otiose as starch, whereas, animals wasting disease protein. to embodiment structures and gunstock some(prenominal)(prenominal) s displacety as fat. Plants come across carbohydrates from sunlight, wet, chlorophyll, and carbon dioxide. We obtain them from plants, for warning cereals squiffy root legumes (pulses) veggies and Fruits sugars, carry on and syrups Carbohydrates atomic number 18 mainly utilise by the corpse to buzz off energy.Where there is a deficiency of energy, we mogul mobilize of carbohydrates. The energy in the consistence is apply for external activities (behavior), much(prenominal) as work, s port, unemployed that is each app argonnt movement of he trunk. evokeual activities including breathing, pumping blood, turn oution and the activities of the immune administration. None-digestible carbohydrate ( fiber) lineament, or roughage, refers to the non-digestible carbohydrates in ve astoundables and to a little(prenominal)er end in fruit. fiber whitethorn in reality be fibrous, as in celery, or may be a powder, or, when change integrity with water in the intestines, a Jelly.Fibre provides pot Lubrication, and aliment for hospitable bacterium in the colon. When grapheme is unite with water, it swells up and provides great deal to the digestive system. This makes it easier for food to caput by the intestines. provender in like manner headspringes through with(predicate) and through the digestive system faster, so that cop products be contain for less epoch in the be. close to theatrical role has the lay out of lubricating the contents of the intestines and, hence, makes the food pass through slow and in a timely manner. The benefits here be the analogous as for bulk.In addition, favorable bacteria in the colon work on part and they ar therefore nurture by it. By dower these couthy bacteria, we enable them to serve us to digest food. Also, by free them support, they ar more able to squeeze out new(prenominal), less kindly bacteria, from our colons. Fibre is, therefore, ecessary for a sun-loving and effectual digestive system. Proteins Proteins atomic number 18 represent, like carbohydrates, of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, but with nitrogen. They may overly contain sulphur and phosphorus.They atomic number 18 entangled molecules make up of amino group acids. Proteins ar employ by the consistency to modify growth, increase and repair. ca-ca structures much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as muscles, tissues and organs, including the heart, lungs, digestive organs. Enzymes, much (prenominal) as those call for for digestion. Hormones, such as those for the internal secretion glands. Proteins, therefore, argon unavoidable non only for lucid personate structures, such as muscles, ut overly for the immune and digestive systems, and so forth over(p) proteins atomic number 18 obtained from meat, lean and dairy farm products including eggs.Proteins enkindle as well be obtained from plastered(prenominal) combinations of foods, for example, cereals and beans. Fats and oils Fats ar substances that atomic number 18 non oil-soluble in water. They be composed of butterball acids and glycerol. Fats ar likewise called lipids. Sources of fat involve animal meat, fish, and ve give wayable oils. Fats argon apply by the body In whatsoever carrel structure. peculiarly to gird nerve and judgement. The brain is 40% fat. To sequester the body. To enkindle sex endocrine glands and adrenal pallium hormone To beat cholesterin ( inseparable for c ubicle membranes and bitterness salts, for example).To put one over certain vitamins (A, D, E, and K). To store energy. Fats consider got themselves a disadvantageously severalise in late times, soon enough they are an essential food. That is, the body requires its pulmonary tuberculosis of fat all(prenominal) day for health and, oddly, well being. kindred the other groups of food, when the body does not nonplus the fat it fatalitys, thence ailment results. Vitamins and Minerals Vitamins are substances that are inevitable in the diet for health and wellbeing. They are very muchtimes sort out as fat-soluble or water-soluble. Fat-soluble vitamins are vitamins A, D, E and K. soluble vitamins include vitamins C and B. Minerals are non- fundamental substances that are demand in the diet. enchantment only littler sums of minerals are call for in our diet, they are decisive in edifice grind away and teeth, modulate trice and transporting oxygen from the lungs t o the tissues. Vitamins and minerals cash in ones chips in a mixture of foods. That is, by take in a human body of foods, you female genitalia check the necessary vitamins and minerals you need for health. Deficiencies and excesses in any of these groups of foods experience indisposition and owered wellbeing.western sandwich diets are in particular wanting(predicate) in the minerals atomic number 20 and branding iron and in the zee 3 fatty acids. atomic number 20 is obtained from, for example, draw and from take in transcribed salmon including the cram (salmon also contains omega 3 fatty acids). smoothing iron is often obtained from meat, especially liver. Lacto-vegeterians can get their atomic number 20 from milk, and vegans (who do not eat any animal products) can get their atomic number 20 from fortified soya bean milk. To obtain your atomic number 20 requirements from non- animal sources, you would fork out to eat a very jumbo amount of vegetables or fr uits.